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Allah or Tuhan?

上帝有一个称呼,我们都称祂God。然而,印尼文,以及同文种的马来文怎么称法?

马来文可不可以称God为Tuhan?

一般人会如此想。

当然不行。Tuhan是指Lord,也就是主耶穌;天父和天子,岂能同名。

按照阿拉伯文,上帝就是Allah

在回教时代之前的阿拉伯,这是对神的统称。

当基督教在本区域传播时,它採取源自中东阿拉伯的Allah,来称呼上帝。

这个用法,存在了数百年之久,印尼和婆罗洲的教会奉为正统;而砂拉越和沙巴,以及半岛少数原住民基督教徒,也使用这个称呼

从印尼进口的马来文版圣经,也都称上帝为Allah;多年来,没有爭议。

直到两年前,当赛哈密担任內政部长时,禁止天主教內部刊物《先锋报》使用这个称呼,以及禁止有关的马来文圣经进口,才引爆爭议。

天主教会诉诸法律行动,上週高庭法官刘美莲做出判决,基於宪法第10条保障人民的言论自由,所以教会可以使用Allah。

部份回教徒反应激烈。檳城巫青团进行抗议示威;有人在网络面子书开设“反对非回教徒使用Allah之名”,成员包括马哈迪的儿子慕克里。

政府也表示会就法庭判决提出上诉。

按照保守派回教徒的理解,Allah是回教的上苍,独一无二,至高至上,不能被混淆。他们担心,马来文版圣经使用Allah,会误导回教徒。

开明派回教徒则认为,Allah的称呼,可以被其它宗教使用,因为这並不违反回教。回教党长老聂阿兹和沙亚南国会议员卡立持这种立场。

如果摆脱宗教情愫,或许能够把问题看得更加清楚一些。

在人类学和宗教学的发展来看,犹太教、基督教和回教是3教同源,都是亚伯拉罕宗教(AbrahamicReligion),起源也都在中东阿拉伯地带

3教有各自信仰的神和教义,然而,由於地理、语言、文化等等的相近,而也有许多共同之处。Allah的称呼,各自使用,但含义不同,这是歷史使然。

毕竟宗教问题很敏感,在大马更是如此。要解决问题,不能诉诸情绪,也不能政治化。

某马来报章藉故指“回教徒不团结,而受到非回教徒的威胁”,利用事件来煽风点火,太过不负责,实在危险。

只有放下偏见,从学术角度进行研究,用理性思维互相谅解,才能化解这个上帝称呼的爭议。

星洲日报/马荷加尼‧作者:郑丁贤‧2010.01.04

Hui Ru

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